ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

  Floodlight  is a broad-beamed,  high-intensity   artificial light . They are often used to illuminate outdoor  playing fields  while an outdoor sports event is  being held during low-light conditions . More focused kinds are often used as a  stage lighting instrument  in live performances such as  concerts  and  plays . Floodlights Association football  field at a sports center illuminated with floodlights. In the top tiers of many  professional sports , it is a requirement for  stadiums  to have floodlights to allow games to be scheduled outside daylight hours. Evening or night matches may suit spectators who have work or other commitments earlier in the day, and enable television broadcasts during lucrative  primetime  hours. Some sports grounds which do not have permanent floodlights installed may make use of portable temporary ones instead. Many larger floodlights (see bottom picture) will ha...

   The  induction lamp ,  electrodeless lamp , or  electrodeless induction lamp  is a  gas-discharge lamp  in which an  electric or magnetic field  transfers the power required to generate light from outside the lamp envelope to the gas inside. This is in contrast to a typical gas discharge lamp that uses internal  electrodes  connected to the power supply by conductors that pass through the lamp envelope. Eliminating the internal electrodes provides two advantages: Extended lamp life (internal electrodes are the most limiting factor in lamp life, since their metal content will get sputtered onto the lamp ends every time they are turned on) [ citation needed ] Ability to use higher-efficiency light-generating substances that would react with internal metal electrodes in conventional fluorescent lamps [ citation needed ] A round Induction fluorescent lamp Two systems are common:  plasma lamps , in which  microwaves  o...

A lineup of  JR East  Shinkansen trains in October 2012 The   Shinkansen  ( Japanese it.   'new main line') , colloquially known in English as the   bullet train , is a network of   high-speed railway   lines in   Japan . Initially, it was built to connect distant Japanese regions with   Tokyo , the capital, to aid economic growth and development. Beyond long-distance travel, some sections around the   largest metropolitan areas   are used as a commuter rail network.   It is owned by the   Japan Railway Construction, Transport and Technology Agency   and operated by five   Japan Railways Group   companies. A lineup of  JR West  Shinkansen trains in October 2008 Map of Shinkansen lines (excluding the  Hakata-Minami Line  and  Gala-Yuzawa Line  extension). The  Nishi Kyushu Shinkansen  from  Nagasaki  to  Takeo-Onsen  has been operational since 23 Sep...

  An  electric locomotive  is a  locomotive  powered by  electricity  from  overhead lines , a  third rail  or on-board  energy storage  such as a  battery  or a  supercapacitor . Locomotives with on-board fuelled  prime movers , such as  diesel engines  or  gas turbines , are classed as  diesel-electric  or  gas turbine-electric  and not as electric locomotives, because the electric generator/motor combination serves only as a  power transmission system . Electric locomotive  Škoda ChS4-109.  The  Moscow – Odesa  train in  Vinnytsia  railway station. The  ČSD Class E 499.3 The  Siemens ES64U4  is the current confirmed holder as the fastest electric locomotive at 357 km/h (222 mph) in 2006. A  British Rail Class 91  at  London King’s Cross  station. Electric locomotives benefit from the high eff...

  Maglev   (derived from   magnetic levitation ) is a system of   train transportation   that is levitated along a guideway through the use of magnetic forces. By levitating, maglev trains remove the rail-to-wheel contact present in conventional railways, eliminating   rolling resistance . Transrapid  09 at the  Emsland test facility  in Lower Saxony, Germany A full trip on the  Shanghai Transrapid  maglev train Example of low-speed urban maglev system,  Linimo Compared to conventional railways, maglev trains can have several advantages, including higher top speeds, superior acceleration and deceleration, lower maintenance costs, improved  gradient  handling, and lower noise at equivalent speeds. However, maglev systems are more expensive to build, cannot make use of existing infrastructure, and have higher energy usage at high speeds. Maglev trains have set  several speed records . The train speed record of 603...