ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

 Automation describes a wide range of technologies that reduce human intervention in processes, mainly by predetermining decision criteria, subprocess relationships, and related actions, as well as embodying those predeterminations in machines. Automation has been achieved by various means including mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, electronic devices, and computers, usually in combination. Complicated systems, such as modern factories, airplanes, and ships typically use combinations of all of these techniques. The benefit of automation includes labor savings, reducing waste, savings in electricity costs, savings in material costs, and improvements to quality, accuracy, and precision.  Minimum human intervention is required to control many large facilities, such as this electrical generating station. Automation includes the use of various equipment and control systems such as machinery, processes in factories, boilers,[3] and heat-treating ovens, switching on telep...

  .  The primary purpose behind these components is  to store energy within their magnetic fields . When a direct current flows through the wire coil, it generates a magnetic field. This field opposes any changes occurring in the current flow, effectively storing energy within the inductor. An inductor has a winding direction (polarity), and the marking is placed so that the polarity can be confirmed from its external appearance. Depending on usage conditions, the polarity of the inductor can affect the inductor's characteristics.

 Fault Finding in SMD Resistor To check SMD Resistor, first keep the multimeter in Buzzer mode. If it is good ,  then the multimeter will give a Beep or Buzz sound. If there is no sound, then keep the multimeter in ohms mode & check if the resistor is showing any high value above 2K. If it showing value, then the resistor is good, or else it is open which needs to be replaced. Fault Finding in SMD Diode.  SMD Diode To check SMD Diode, first keep the multimeter in Buzzer mode. Connect positive of the multimeter probe to Anode (+ve) & negative of the multimeter probe to cathode (-ve) which is said to be forward bias. In this condition, the  multimeter should show a value between 130 to 600 ohms. Then place the multimeter probe in the reverse direction (reverse bias)., i.e., positive probe to cathode & negative probe to anode. In this condition, the multimeter should not give any value. If there is sound or both side value, then it needs to be replaced with ...